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Abstract
Plasma or PRP therapy is filled with platelets or a type of regenerative medicine in which the body’s own cells, tissues or organs can be used by replacing or restoring a normal function. In-depth analysis of various published articles showing the role of PRP therapy in cosmetic procedures, for example, facial reconstruction, facial renewal, elimination of stretch marks, androgenetic alopecia, alopecia rheumatism and hair transplant to understand its effectiveness based on facts and figures as well as input from personal experience. PRP therapy is one of the most advanced forms of regenerative medicine that has the potential to improve the homeostasis of treated cells and tissues, provided harvest standards are maintained.
Introduction
Plasma or PRP therapy is filled with platelets or a type of regenerative medicine in which the body’s own cells, tissues or organs can be used by replacing or restoring a normal function. Although PRP therapy role has already been established in sports injuries, in dental and oral surgery and in pain relief, it also comes as a promising option in various procedures in cosmetic dermatology, trichology and recent hair transplantation.
The main body of the paper
Synonyms: Automatic platelet gel, plasma-rich growth factors, platelet concentrates plasma, platelet-rich concentrations, platelet re-pleading.
Platelet-rich plasma is the volume of the plasma fraction of an autologic blood with baseline platelet concentration above (usually more than 1,000,000 platelets / μl), resulting in 300-700% enrichment.
What is a PRP?
The total blood consists of 93% of red blood cells, 6% platelets and 1% white blood cells. In PRP, the proportion of these cells in the blood is reversed, that is, the layer of red cells is reduced to 5% and platelets and leucocytes are increased to about 94% to stimulate tissue regeneration.
The cellular response to injury occurs in four stages: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. In each stage, there is an enhanced cellular or molecular activity associated with the platelets. Platelets and plasma are responsible for hemostasis, leucocytes and activated platelets that interrupt the inflammation, and growth factors from alpha granules affect platelets on tissue regeneration. PRP leucocyte material affects the inflammatory process, and angiogenic and mitogenic growth factors help tissue regeneration.
Various growth factors are secreted from α-granular platelets concentrated activated by aggregated inducers. These factors are known to regulate cell migration, attachment, propagation and differentiation processes and to promote the accumulation of ashlar matrix (ECM) through connection to specific cell surface receptors.
The regenerative potential of PRP depends on the levels of loose growth (GF). The PRP contains more than 20 GF and other proteins, such as adhesion molecules, chemokines, etc., which interact, leading to inflammation, cell proliferation, differentiation and regeneration.
Due to the activation of platelets, it is the degradation resulting from it, leading to a transformation of secrete proteins (eg Growth factor derived from platelets (PDGF), growth factor F (TGF-β) etc. Then proteins are made active secreted, connecting with target-cell cross-skin receptors, including mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and epidermal cells.Then the cross-border receptors are bound by an intracellular signal agonist, leading to an indication of order. gene guiding cell proliferation, matrix formation, collagen synthesis, etc., which encourages tissue repair and tissue regeneration.
Platelet growth factor Biological actions
PDGF αα, αβ, ββ Mitogenic factor for mesenchymal cells, proliferation of fibroblasts / smooth muscle cells, collagenase secretion and collagen synthesis, macrophage propagation and chemotaxis neutrophils
TGF (alpha-beta) stimulates the propagation of mesenchymal cells; regulates endothelial cells mitogenesis and fibroblasts; collagenase secretion and regulation of collagen synthesis, mitogenic effects of other growth factors, stimulates angiogenesis, prohibition of macrophage propagation and lymphocyte
VEGF stimulates angiogenesis, increases the permeability of the vessel and stimulates mitogenesis of endothelial cells
EGF stimulates angiogenesis, regulates collagenase secretion and stimulates epithelial and mesenchymal mitogenesis
FGF Growth and differentiation of fibroblasts and promote mesenchymal cells
CTGF offers advanced neoangiogenesis, carton regeneration, fibrosis and platelet adhesion
IGF-1 Chemotactic for fibroblasts stimulates protein synthesis, combined with PDGF, and improves wound rate and quality of medicine
HGF Mediates Regeneration
FGF-9 helps to generate new follicles
Growth factors present in alpha platelets granules and their biological actions.
The average blood platelet level is around 200,000 ± 75,000 / hl. Platelet concentrations of more than 1 million / μl (about four to seven times the intermediate level) are considered as a therapeutic PRP concentration. A clock-shaped response curve indicating that the dependent nature of a dose is related to PRP. Lower concentrations or higher than 1.5 million platelets / μl impede the angiogenic potential in proprietary human cells. In vitro studies on dermal papilla cells also support the use of PRP at a concentration of 5–10 hours at intermediate level.
Platelets actively support growth factors within 10 minutes of activation, and more than 95% of pre-heated growth factors are secreted within 1 h.
Therefore, PRP should be used within 10 minutes of the action. The viability of concentrated platelets remains for up to 8 h and remains sterile if sterile surgery is carried out.
Platelets remain viable for 7-10 days and continue to release tissue factors during this period.
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